Clarifications
Yes, I have just one passport, it's Israeli and it's expired.
 
I have a Canadian government photo ID (that says I'm an Israeli national btw) so the Canadian authorities can verify who am I on the gate. As an Israeli citizen, I don't think I will be refused entry, and in a European connection, I won't be entering the connecting country, just the airport, so I don't see any reason why I need a passport to get to Israel.
 
However, I don't know if this is the actual reality. So yes, I'm asking those three questions - can I leave, can I enter, can I connect in Europe (I know the US is not an option).
 
Are kids treated differently in the same situation? I heard kids can sometimes travel with an expired passport (with their parents), but I'm not sure this is the case.
 
Thanks