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http://www.sailingusa.info/design_winds.htm. ראה התייחסות לאורך הקיל :
Sailboat Stability: Two formulas are designed to give an estimation of the stability of a sailboat. The reliability and value of these screening formulas are disputed. Although reliable in the lab, they may not predict stability in severe heavy weather conditions.
1. Capsize Screening Formula. This formula estimates the boat's resistance to capsizing. (Ref. 1) This formula does not take into account the vertical position of the center of gravity (VCG). The VCG can be lowered by a longer keel or by having more ballast (weight of the keel) at the end of the keel. However, according to Adlard Coles' "Heavy Weather Sailing" (Ref. 3) thirtieth anniversary edition, "The effects of large movements of the VCG on the propensity to capsize was surprising small". Nevertheless, a low VCG will greatly help the boat in righting itself once it has capsized. For example, the J-105 is a lightweight high-performance racer with a D/L of 135 and a SA/D of 24. Stability is not predicted by this formula but the J-105 has a 3400 lb 6.5' lead keel to stabilize the boat. Go To Capsize Screening Calculator
1) Rousmaniere, John The Annapolis Book of Seamanship Boat Selection. Chapter 1 p35 Simon & Schuster, New York, New York.
2. Ultimate (Latent) Stability. This is the resistance to capsize and heel. One of the best predictors of ultimate stability is the "angle of vanishing stability" or the angle to which the boat can heel and still right itself. A dingy will have a stability range of about 80 degrees, an inland water boat should have a stability range of 100 degrees, and an offshore boat of at least 120 degrees. Boats which have a stability angle of less than 140 degrees may be left floating upside down once capsized. Boats with a higher angle will usually right themselves (Ref. 3). The formula on the website used to estimate the Angle of Vanishing Stability does not fully take into account the position of the vertical center of gravity. Thus, boats with a long lead keel or a lead bulb at the end of the keel may have a higher angle of vanishing stability than that predicted by the formula. Go To Calculator of Angle of Vanishing Stability.
3) K. Adlard Coles' and Peter Bruce's (editors) Adlard Coles' Heavy Weather Sailing (30th edition) Stability of Yachts in large breaking waves. Chapter 2 pp11-23 International marine, Camden, Maine