Hmm
It basically depends on how long it's been since the test was taken. The longer it's been, the more likely you'll have to use "have you passed". It's also a matter of context, however. For example, if a kid comes home from school and says "Mom, guess what. We got back the tests today!", the following question will have to be "So... did you pass?", and not "have you". Now, let's picture another scene, in which someone has applied to an acting school and is now being interviewed by... Whoever It Is That Makes All The Big Decisions In Such A Place. Now, wanting desperately to impress that rediculously long title, he starts bragging about how he's done seven auditions already, by saying, in a bragging sort of tone: "You know, I've done seven auditions already". He is immediately asked the inevidable question: "Well, have you passed them?", to which he shuts his eyes, lets out a sigh and walks out of the room knowing that his dream will never come true. Neither of these are the best explanation avaliabe, I'm sure. But I did my best. Hope I helped.
